Leaf litter
Dead plant material, such as bark, leaves, and twigs, that has fallen to the ground.

Bacteria
Single-celled microorganisms that lack chlorophyll. Many bacteria break down organic matter in the air, water, and soil. Some bacteria are capable of causing diseases in humans, other animals, and plants.

Mammal
A type of animal that has hair or fur covering its body and that produces milk for its young.

Carbohydrates
Sugars, starches, and celluloses that are produced by green plants and that are important nutritional sources of energy for many animals.

Native species
A species that occurs naturally in an area or habitat.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
A naturally occurring gas that is also a by-product of human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and biomass. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.

Nutrients
Substances required for growth and development.

Carnivores
An animal that consumes other animals.

Reproduce
To produce offspring or young.

Fuelwood
Branches, logs, and other tree parts that have been harvested or removed for use as fuel for cooking, heating, or producing power.